Yes, payments with Apple Pay are even more secure than using cash or a physical card. If your phone is lost, you can feel safe because no one else can make payments without activating Touch ID or Face ID. These verification methods are unique to you and can only be used by you.
Moreover, your card number is not stored on your device or Apple servers and is never shared with merchants.
In any case, we always recommend looking after both the Visa card and your Apple devices. If you lose your Visa card, block it immediately.